[...] With respect to uptake, in the opinion of workshop participants the easy of use of services is still considered a crucial element. Services are considered still not easy to use and do not encourage uptake. In most cases the services are not self-explanatory and this is probably the consequence of a very limited engagement of the end users in the services design. A number of services are not yet fully transactional (so still including an off line component) and this discourage usage and consequently take-up. Some of the key enablers (e-Identity, e-Signature, Interoperability infrastructure, Open specification and Open standards) are not always implemented in a coordinated way across different organizations and this limits the possibility for these technologies to really become enablers for innovative services.